This is the support web page for the article “Epic Rhythm: Metrical Shapes in Greek Hexameter”.
Last updated: .
This is the article's full online appendix.
Two appendices report expectancy x and z data for the metrical shapes of words and appositive groups in major poems of the hexameter corpus. The Appendix linked to this paper is a synopsis of the distribution of metrical shapes in epic, while the second appendix (online) provides the diachronic distribution of each shape by text.
In order to reproduce the experimental data, you need both the epic-rhythm source code and the SEDES source code.
epic-rhythm.grbs2024.zip
epic-rhythm.grbs2024.bundle
Which were created like this:
git archive --prefix=epic-rhythm.grbs2024/ --output=epic-rhythm.grbs2024.zip grbs2024 git checkout grbs2024; git bundle create epic-rhythm.grbs2024.bundle HEAD master grbs2024
sedes.epic-rhythm.zip
sedes.epic-rhythm.bundle
Which were created like this:
git archive --prefix=sedes.epic-rhythm/ --output=sedes.epic-rhythm.zip epic-rhythm git checkout epic-rhythm; git bundle create sedes.epic-rhythm.bundle HEAD master epic-rhythm
In order to reproduce our tables and figures, you will need the epic-rhythm source code (at tag grbs2024, commit 4891970f) and the SEDES source code (at tag epic-rhythm, commit 2ec2a124) as archived above. You will also need the appropriate version of dependencies: specifically cltk and its grc_models_cltk corpus, which is independently versioned. The dependencies notably affect lemmatization, so you will need to use the same versions we used in order to obtain the same results.
Clone the source code repositories in sibling subdirectories and check out the appropriate tags.
$ git clone -b grbs2024 https://github.com/sasansom/epic-rhythm $ git clone -b epic-rhythm https://github.com/sasansom/sedes
Enter the sedes subdirectory and follow the documented setup instructions, but specify particular versions for cltk and nltk:
$ cd sedes sedes$ python3 -m venv venv sedes$ source venv/bin/activate sedes$ pip3 install -U pip setuptools wheel sedes$ pip3 install --force-reinstall cltk==v1.1.7 bs4 lxml
Install the grc_models_cltk corpus. The command below will install the latest version; later we will revert it to an older version if necessary.
sedes$ python3 -c 'from cltk.data.fetch import FetchCorpus; FetchCorpus("grc").import_corpus("grc_models_cltk")'
The proper version of grc_models_cltk is 94c04acac4405e264322d825978a2f2a80d01da5. You will have to manually check out an old version if CLTK has installed a newer one. By default, CLTK installs a shallow clone of the corpus, which you will first have to promote into a full clone.
$ cd ~/cltk_data/grc/model/grc_models_cltk
~/cltk_data/grc/model/grc_models_cltk$ git fetch --unshallow
~/cltk_data/grc/model/grc_models_cltk$ git checkout 94c04acac4405e264322d825978a2f2a80d01da5
Note: switching to '94c04acac4405e264322d825978a2f2a80d01da5'.
~/cltk_data/grc/model/grc_models_cltk$ git log -1
commit 94c04acac4405e264322d825978a2f2a80d01da5 (HEAD, origin/master, origin/HEAD, master)
Merge: 3ded3be a325a05
Author: Kyle P. Johnson <kyle@kyle-p-johnson.com>
Date: Fri Apr 30 07:49:41 2021 -0700
Merge pull request #4 from diyclassics/lemma-refactor
Remove blank lemmas from greek_lemmatized_sents
Be aware the CLTK corpora are a system-wide shared resource, and checking out an old version for SEDES may affect other projects you have on the same computer that use CLTK.
Now go into the epic-rhythm subdirectory.
Install its dependencies.
Then run make, giving it the path
to the sedes checkout.
sedes$ cd ../epic-rhythm epic-rhythm$ pip3 install --force-reinstall pandas epic-rhythm$ make SEDES=../sedes
This will create various CSV files, HTML tables, and graphics. unexpected.txt supports the calculations that are reported in the text.
Here we show our reasoning and justification for some specific claims and how to reproduce our calculations.
…the percentage of windows of 181 shapes that have 0 or 1 unexpected shapes is 0.72%.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
0.1004825 0.7232407 2.6633718 7.4877026 15.9241474 28.1415402 42.3329478 56.8976597 71.5967378 82.6334607 89.8080316 94.3209833 96.9954549 98.3414537 99.1546613 99.7003050 99.9170435 99.9818898 99.9988316 100.0000000
…the shape of ἐγείνατο (⏑ ‒ ⏑ ⏑) is very unexpected (z = −5.40) at sedes 2.5; it is much more common, for example, at sedes 6.5.
expectancy.sedes-metrical_shape.archaic.csv:
⏑–⏑⏑,2.5,158,-5.39801722238418 ⏑–⏑⏑,4.5,2,-5.56034176297879 ⏑–⏑⏑,6.5,5523,+0.184490215372676 ⏑–⏑⏑,8.5,28,-5.53328767287969
By this definition, 3.30% (13,160/399,327) of words or appositive groups in the epic corpus have a metrical shape that is unexpected at the sedes at which it appears…
Percentage of unexpected words 13160/399327 = 3.30%
…4.00% (3,551/88,796) of shapes in the Iliad are unexpected (an average of 147.96 per book, which themselves average roughly 3,700 shapes)…
Iliad Percentage of unexpected words 3551/88796 = 4.00% Unexpected words per book 3551/24 = 147.96 Average words per book 88796/24 = 3699.83
Book 10 having the least proportion of unexpected shapes at 3.27% (108/3,303) and Book 2 having the greatest at 4.68% (227/4,850).
book_n num_words num_unexpected pct_unexpected era <chr> <int> <int> <dbl> <fct> 1 10 3303 108 3.27 archaic 2 3 2589 87 3.36 archaic 3 16 4903 167 3.41 archaic 4 24 4627 161 3.48 archaic 5 17 4284 155 3.62 archaic 6 13 4757 174 3.66 archaic 7 11 4825 183 3.79 archaic 8 15 4231 164 3.88 archaic 9 1 3518 137 3.89 archaic 10 19 2404 94 3.91 archaic 11 9 3960 159 4.02 archaic 12 20 2857 116 4.06 archaic 13 8 3132 128 4.09 archaic 14 6 2974 123 4.14 archaic 15 7 2709 113 4.17 archaic 16 22 2993 125 4.18 archaic 17 21 3504 147 4.20 archaic 18 5 5152 218 4.23 archaic 19 18 3544 150 4.23 archaic 20 12 2628 112 4.26 archaic 21 4 3030 134 4.42 archaic 22 14 2981 134 4.50 archaic 23 23 5041 235 4.66 archaic 24 2 4850 227 4.68 archaic